PUBLICATIONS

  • Wang Y. “The coupled THM responses of wellbore with two-phase fluid in naturally fractured media”, To appear in Nov.,2024. J. Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Eng. (2024)

  • Wang, Y. “Coupled THM solution of a borehole under conductive-convective heat transport during CO2/CH$ injection/production”, submitted to Water Resources Res. (2024)

  • Wang, Y. “Coupled THM responsesand wellbore integrity evaluation of a borehole under conductive-convective heat transport during CO2/CH$ injection/production”, submitted to Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci. (2024)

  • Wang, Y. “Simulating THM responses with two-phase fluid flow in stress-sensitive naturally fractured reservoirs by simplified IMPDEST finite element algorithm”, submitted to Advanced Water Resource, 2023

  • Wang, Y. “Petro-Galerkin Finite element methods of coupled THM Two-phase fluid flow in naturally fractured reservoirs”, submitted to J. Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Eng. (2023)

  • Wang, Y. “Sanding onset and volumetric production in Gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs”, submitted to J. Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Eng. (2023)

  • Wang Y. “Coupled THM formulation wellbore analytical solution of naturally fractured media during injection/production”, Advances in Water Resources 178 (2023) 104492

  • Wang Y. “Temperature perturbation and Induced pressure under convective-conductive heat flow during wellbore CO2 /CH4 Injection/Production”, Advances in Water Resources 170 (2022) 104337

  • Wang Y., “Sand production prediction in GHBS”, ARMA 668, accepted by the 56rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2022

  • Wang Y., “The coupled THM formulation of two-phase fluid flow to a dual-porosity model in naturally fracture media”, ARMA 368, accepted the 56rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2022

  • Wang Y., “Simplified Petrov-Garlerkin IMPES+T finite element algorithm: simulating THM responses with two-phase fluid flow in naturally fracture media”, ARMA 371 accepted by 56rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2022

  • Wang Y., “Constitutive behavior and sand criteria in evaluation and design of gas storage”, ARMA 367 accepted by the 56rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2022

  • Wang Y., “Designing and maximizing production in heavy oil reservoir in a SAGD process: a geomechanics perspective”, ARMA 372 accepted by the 56rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2022

  • Wang Y., “THM response of a borehole during supercritical CO2 injection”, ARMA 373 accepted by the 56rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2022

  • Wang Y., “Designing and maximizing production in heavy oil reservoir in a SAGD process: a geomechanics perspective”, ARMA 372 accepted by the 56rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2022

  • Wang. Y.，Li, W. and M.B. Dusseault “THM responses of a borehole in fractured media”, Int. J. of Pet. Eng. & Sci.，2021

  • Wang Y., “Heat extraction from a wellbore in saturated low-permeability formations during fluid circulation”, ARMA 1611 presented at the 55rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Houston, Texas, USA, 26-28 June, 2021

  • Wang Y., “Fluid flow and heat transfer from a complex fractured network for energy extraction in EGS”, ARMA 1610 presented at the 55rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Houston, Texas, USA, 26-28 June, 2021

  • Wang. Y. , Thermally induced stresses, pore pressure and temperature change along and near a wellbore during fluid circulation in a EGS system” presented at ARMA/DGS/SEG International Geomechanics Symposium, held in Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 3–5 November 2020

  • Wang Y., “Developing a Fully Coupled THMD Model for Drilling and Production in Gas-Hydrate-Bearing-  Sediments”, ARMA 1389, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Golden, Colorado, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2020

  • Wang，Y., “Sand Production In the Injecting and Fracturing Well: Modelling, Mechanisms, and Predictions”, ARMA 1390, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Golden, Colorado, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2020

  • Wang，Y., “In-Situ Stress Perturbation, Wellbore Stability and Hydraulic fracturing Design near a Fault Region”, ARMA 1391, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Golden, Colorado, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2020

  • Wang，Y. and Dusseault, “Defining SRV in Unconventional Reservoirs; How Is It Related to Production?”, ARMA 1397, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Golden, Colorado, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2020

  • Pan, R., Wang，Y., Xu, Y and Dusseault, M.B., “Thermal Cracking near a Hydraulic Fracture in HDR and Naturally Fractured Formations?”, ARMA 1493, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in Golden, Colorado, USA, 29 June-1st July, 2020

  • Wang. Y. and W Li “Simulating wellbore stability and fracturing process by dual-porosity model in fractured reservoirs”, ARMA -CUPB 1373, presented at the Geothermal Int. Conf., held in Beijing China, 5-8 Aug 2019

  • Wang. Y.“How would injecting and fracturing processes affect wellbore integrity？”, ARMA -CUPB 1623, presented at the Geothermal Int. Conf., held in Beijing China, 5-8 Aug 2019

  • Wang. Y.，H. Jiang and S. Yin “Simulating staged fracturing and thermal cracking process in HDR during EGS process”, ARMA -CUPB 9769, presented at the Geothermal Int. Conf., held in Beijing China, 5-8 Aug 2019

  • Wang. Y.“Enhanced production and injection in a stress-sensitive reservoirs”, ARMA -CUPB 455, presented at the Geothermal Int. Conf., held in Beijing China, 5-8 Aug 2019

  • Wang Y. “Wellbore stability and sand production in gas hydrate reservoirs”, ARMA 1819, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in New York, NY, USA, 23-26 June 2019

  • Wang. Y. and M.D. Dusseault, “Geomechanics perspective for Refrac in Unconventional Reservoirs, ARMA 455, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in New York, NY, USA, 23-26 June 2019

  • Wang. Y. and M.D. Dusseault, “Defining SRV in fractured formation, how is it related to production? ARMA 303, presented at the 53rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. held in New York, NY, USA, 23-26 June 2019

  • Wang Y. “Fundamental behaviors and wellbore deformations on sanding and wellbore stability in conventional and gas hydrate reservoirs”, SPE 194969, 21st SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference March, 23rd, 2019, Baharain

  • Wang. Y. and M.D. Dusseault, “Refrac Screening Processes in Unconventional Reservoirs,A Geomechanics Perspective”, SPE 194811, 21st SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference March, 23rd, 2019, Baharain

  • Wang, Y., “Fracture initiation and thermal cracking process in HDR for EGS design , ARMA151, 2018,presented at the 52rd US Rock Mechanics Symp. June 19, Seattle,   U.S.

  • Wang, Y.“The Impacts of Plastic Deformation on Productivity in Low-Permeability Reservoirs during Hydraulic Fracturing”,ISRM International Symposium ‘Rock Mechanics for Africa AfriRock Conference,Cape Town,2–7 October 2017

  • Wang, Y.“Two Phase Flow Coupled to Geomechanics by Dual Porosity Model: Simulating Fractured Reservoirs by Finite Element Method”,ISRM International Symposium ‘Rock Mechanics for Africa AfriRock Conference,Cape Town,2–7 October 2017

  • Wang, Y.“Induced Stresses and SRV Calculation near a Hydraulic Fracture in the Naturally Fractured Reservoir”,ISRM International Symposium ‘Rock Mechanics for Africa AfriRock Conference,Cape Town,2–7 October 2017

  • Wang, Y.,F. Karaoulanis,X. Zhao, and B. X Li "A Simplified Fully Coupled Dual-Porosity Reservoir-Geomechanics Algorithm for Production in Fractured and Tight Formations", published to ARMA, 2017

  • Wang, Y. and Mi Q., "In-Situ Stress Perturbations and Determinations near a Fault and Their Impacts on Hydraulic Fracturing Design", SPE-181779 published to SPE Asia Pacific Hydraulic Fracturing Conf. Held in Beijing, China, 24–26 August, 2016

  • Wang, Y. and F. Karaoulanis, "Impacts on SRV Region in Low-permeability Formations due Stressse around a Hydraulic Fracture", SPE-181816 published to SPE Asia Pacific Hydraulic Fracturing Conf. Held in Beijing, China, 24–26 August, 2016

  • Wang, Y. and F. Karaoulanis, "Induced Stresses near a Hydraulic Fracture and Fracture Geometry with Plasticity", SPE-181835 published to SPE Asia Pacific Hydraulic Fracturing Conf. Held in Beijing, China, 24–26 August, 2016

  • Wang, Y.,Chen Y.and Li D. "Simulations and Case Studies for Enhancing Production in a Stress-Sensitive Fractured Carbonated Reservoir", ID#294 published to the 50th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium held in Houston, Texas, USA, 26-29 June 2016.

  • Zeng, Y. Y. Wang amd B. Zhang " Thermal Effects on Sand Prediction”, ID#290 presented at the 50th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symp. held in Houston, TX, USA, 24-27 June 2016

  • Wang Y., Zeng, Y., Zhang, B. and Karaoulanis F. " Induced Stresses Near Staged Fractures and Impacts on SRV region in Low-permeability (Tight,Fractured and Shale) Formations”, ID#385 presented at the 50th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symp. held in Houston, TX, USA, 24-27 June 2016

  • Wang Y. "Simulations and Its Applications to Enhanced Production in a Stress-sensitive Fractured CarbonatedReservoir”,ID 290 presented at 50th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symp. held in Houston, TX, USA, 24-27 June 2016

  • Wang, Y., “Coupled Fluid Flow to Geomechanics in Dual Porosity Media: Governing Equations and Analytical Solutions”， Submitted to Advance in Water Resource, 2015

  • Wang, Y., “Fully Coupled Non-equilibrium Thermal Effect on Fluid Flow and Fracturing“， Submitted to Advance in Water Resource, 2015

  • Wang, Y., Zeng Y., Zhang B. and Karaoulanis F.“Interpretations of Fracture Initiation and Orientations In a Perforated Deviated Well during Staged Fracturing”, ID#719, American Rock Mechanics Association, 2015

  • Wang, Y., Zeng Y., Zhang B. and Fotios Karaoulanis, “When and Where Can A Fracture Be Initiated From a Horizontal Well in Staged Fracturing Shale Formation?”, SPE 172967 SPE Middle East Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition held in Muscat, Oman, 26–28 January 2015

  • Wang, Y. and F. Karaoulanis, "Productions and Reservoir Simulations by a Fully Coupled Gas-Geomechanics Model and Applications to Staged Fracture in Stress-sensitive Shale Gas Formations", submitted to SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conf. Held Feb. (2014), Woodlands, Texas, USA.

  • Wang Y. "Calculating fracture initiation and orientation in a horizontal well with open and perforated holes”, SPE Heavy Oil Conf held in Calgary, Canada, 12–14 June (2014)

  • Wang Y. “Sand Rate Prediction and Enhanced Production in both Conventional and Heavy oil formations”SPE Heavy Oil Conf held in Calgary, Canada, 12–14 June (2014)

  • Wang Y and Albaalbaki, B.. “Geomechanics contribution on SAGD production by a Fully coupled finite element geomechanics model”SPE Heavy Oil Conf held in Calgary, Canada, 12–14 June (2014)

  • Wang, Y. and Papamichos, E., “Predicting sand productions and comparing them by different criteria in a gas formation”, submitted t SPE Conference on Formation Damage, West Laffayat, Feb. 20, (2014)

  • Wang, Y., “Theoretical Predictions, experimental and field validations on sand rate model in saturated oil formations”, submitted to SPE Conference on Formation Damage, West Laffayat, Feb. 20, (2014)

  • Wang, Y. and Lu, B., “Sanding Onset and Sand Rate Predictions in a Heated Reservoir”, SPE 165497 SPE Heavy Oil Conf., Calgary, June 10, (2013)

  • Wang, Y. and Papamichos, E., “Sand productions subject to Different Completion in oil Reservoirs”, JPT Oct, (2012)

  • Wang Y and Papamichos E. Sand prediction by different criteria and a validation by a hollow cylinder test. 46th US Rock Mechanics/ Geomechanics Symposium, Chicago, IL.,(2012)

  • Wang, Y. and Papamichos, E., “Sand productions subject to Different Completion and Validation by different criteria in oil Reservoirs”, SPE 158255 SPE Heavy Oil Conf., Calgary, June 10, (2012)

  • Wang, Y. and Z. Chen, "Simulating Cold Heavy-Oil Production by a Reservoir-Wormhole Model”, Volume 43, Number 4, pp. 40-46, May (2004), Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

  • Wang, Y. B. Lu, and Y. Zeng, “Time-Dependent Wellbore Collapsing Pressure: Collapsing Size and Mud Chemistry Mechanisms”, WCC IV, Beijing, China, November (2004)

  • Wang, Y. and S. Xue, "Simulating Cold Production by a Coupled Reservoir-Geomechanics Model With Sand Erosion” Volume 43, Number 5, pp. 47-53, May (2004), Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

  • Wang Y.; Dusseault M.B.. “A coupled conductive-convective thermo-poroelastic solution and implications for wellbore stability”J. of Petroleum Science & Engineering, Volume 38, Number 3, June 2003,pp. 187-198(12)

  • Wang, Y. and B. Lu, "Fully Coupled Chemico-Geomechanics Model and Applications to Wellbore Stability in Shale Formation in an Underbalanced Field Conditions", SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium held in Calgary, SPE 78978, Nov. 2-5, (2002)

  • Wang, Y. and S. Xue, "Simulating Cold Production by a Coupled Reservoir-Geomechanics Model with Sand Erosion", Canadian Int. Pet. Conference, Paper 2002-170, Calgary, Alberta, June 11-13, (2002)

  • Wang, Y. and C. Z. Chen, "Simulating Cold Heavy-Oil Production by a Reservoir-Wormhole Model", Canadian Int. Pet. Conference, Paper 2002-171, Calgary, Alberta, June 11-13, (2002)

  • Wang, Y. and S. Xue, "Coupled Reservoir-Geomechanics Model With Sand Erosion for Sand Rate and Enhanced Production Prediction", SPE Conference on Formation Damage, SPE 73738, West Laffayat, Feb. 20, (2002)

  • Wang, Y. and B. Wu, "Borehole collapse and sand production: experimental testing, analytical solution, and field implications", 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symp., Washington DC, July 12-14, 2001

  • Wang Y. and C. C. Chen, "Enhanced oil production due to sand production in conventional and heavy-oil reservoirs", SPE Reservoir Evaluation, Vol 4(5), p366-374, 2001

  • Wang Y. and B. Lu, "Coupled reservoir-geomechanics model for wellbore stability and sand prediction", May, JPT, 2001

  • Wang Y. and B. Tremblay, "Enhanced production in horizontal wells by the cavity failure well completion", SPE 68835, SPE Western Regional Meeting, Barkersfield, CA, 26-30 March, 2001

  • Wang Y. and B. Lu, "A coupled reservoir-geomechanics model and applications to wellbore stability and sand prediction", SPE 69718, SPE Int. Therm. Oper. And heavy Oil Symp., Margarita, Venezuela, March 12-14, 2001

  • Wang Y., C.C. Chen, and M.B. Dusseault, "An integrated reservoir model for cold production in heavy-oil reservoirs", SPE 69714, SPE Int. Therm. Oper. And heavy Oil Symp., Margarita, Venezuela, March 12-14, 2001

  • Wang Y. and C.C. Chen, "Sand production in conventional and heavy-oil reservoirs", June JPT, 2000

  • Wang, Y., and Papamichos, E., “Thermal Effects on Fluid Flow and Hydraulic Fracturing in Low Permeability Rocks Cavities”, 23, 355-370, Int. J. Anal. Num. Methods in Geomech., (1999)

  • Wang Y. and C. C. Chen, "Improved oil production and sand (cold) production in conventional and heavy-oil reservoirs", SPE 57290, SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery Conf., Oct 25-28, 1999

  • Wang, Y. and J.Y. Yuan, “Cold Production and Wormhole Propagation in Poorly Consolidated Reservoirs”, Presenting 7th UNITAR International Conference in Heavy Oil and Tar Sands, Beijing, Oct., 27-31, 1998

  • Wang, Y., “Onset of Sand Production and Open Hole Stability near Heated Horizontal Wells”, Presenting in SPE/ISRM EUROCK’98, Norway, (1998)

  • Wang, Y., “Foamy Oil Flow and Sand Production in Heavy Oil Reservoirs”, SPE37553, Int. Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symp., (1997)

  • Wang, Y., Papamichos, E., and Dusseault, M.B., “Thermal Stress and Wellbore Stability”, 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Montreal, 1121-1126, (1996)

  • Nawrocki, P., Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “A Review on Borehole and Tunnel Stability”, 2nd North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, Montreal, 779-786, (1996)

  • Wang, Y. and Dusseault, M.B., “Sand Production and Control Analyses Near a Deviated and Perforated Well”, 47th Annual Technical Meeting, Calgary, Alberta, (1996)

  • Wang, Y., and Van Kruijsdijk, C., “A Perturbation Solution for Fluid Infiltration Near a Wellbore in a Unsaturated Medium”, in press, Transport in Porous Media, August, (1995)

  • Wang, Y., “A Note on the Solution to Diffusion Equation”, Int. J. Anal. Num. Methods in Geomech., 443-452, (1996)

  • Wang, Y., “Ground Surface Responses of a Circular Tunnel in a Poorly Consolidated Rock”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 703-708, (1996)

  • Wang, Y., “The Effect of Nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb Criterion on Stresses and Plastic Deformation near a Circular Opening in Poorly Consolidated Permeable Media”,Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Mining & Geomech. Abst., 33, (2), 495-505, (1996)

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “Sand Production Potential Near Inclined Perforated Wellbores”, Annual Technical Meeting,June 10 - 12, 1996 , Calgary, Alberta

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “Response of a Circular Opening in a Poorly Consolidated Low-Permeability Medium to Temperature and Pore Pressure Changes”, Int. J. Anal. Num. Methods in Geomech., 19, 157-179, (1995)

  • McLellan, P.J., and Wang, Y., “Predicting the Effects of Pore Pressure Penetration on the Extent of Wellbore Instability: Applications of a Versatile Poro-Elastoplastic Model”, SPE/ISRM 28053, Rock Mechanics in Petroleum Engineering, A Joint SPE/ISRM Meeting, Aug. 29-Sept. 1, Delft, The Netherlands, 525-538, (1994)

  • Wang, Y., Scott, Y.D., and Dusseault, M.B., “Borehole Rupture to Hydraulic Fracture: a Nonlinear Elastoplastic Model”, Int. J. of Petroleum Eng. and Sci., 12, 97-111, (1994)

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “Stresses Around a Circular Opening in an Elastoplastic Porous Medium Subjected to Repeated Hydraulic Loading”, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Mining Sciences & Geomech. Abst., 31 (6), 597-616, (1994)

  • Wang, Y., and Papamichos, E., “Conductive Heat Flow and the Thermally-Induced Pore Pressure Diffusion Near a Borehole in Poroelastic Media”, Wat. Res. Res., 30 (12), 3375-3384, (1994)

  • Wang, Y., et al., “Evolution of the Plastic Zone Near a Hydraulic Fracture:  A Numerical Simulation and its Implication on In Situ Stress Measurements”, Canadian Geotechnical J., 31, 779-787, (1994)

  • Wang, Y., “The Effect of Nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb Criterion on Borehole Stresses and Damage Zone Estimate”,Canadian Geotechnical J., 31, 104-109, (1994)

  • Kessler, N., Wang, Y., and Santarelli, F.J., “A Simplified Pseudo 3D Model to Evaluate Sand Production Risk in Deviated Cased Holes”, SPE26541, Fall Annual Meeting, Houston, Texas, (1993)

  • Wang, Y., Kessler, N., and Santarelli, F.J., “A Nonlinear Constitutive Model with Stress-Induced Anisotropy and Its Applications to Borehole Stress Analyses”,34th U.S. Symp. on Rock Mech., Madison, Wisconsin, 312-316, (1993)

  • Wang, Y., Dusseault, M.B., and Chhina. H., “When Can a Hydraulic Fracture be Initiated Through a Circular Wellbore in Oil Sands Reservoirs?”, SPE25907, Joint Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting & Low-Permeability Reservoirs Symposium, Denver, Colorado, 667- 683, (1993)

  • Wang, Y., Scott, J.D., and Dusseault, M.B., “Thermal Stresses Near a Circular Opening in an Unconsolidated Saturated Reservoir During Cyclic Steaming”, 33rd U.S. Symposium on Rock Mech., Santa Fe, New Mexico, 319-329, (1992)

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “Hydraulic Fracture Stress Measurement in Rocks with Stress-dependent Young's Moduli”, 32nd U.S. Symposium on Rock Mech., University of Oklahoma, 3-15, (1991)

  • Wang, Y., Kessler, N., and Santarelli, F.J., “A Nonlinear Constitutive Model with Stress-induced Anisotropy and Its Applications to Borehole Stress Analyses”, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Mining Sciences & Geomech. Abst., 30(7), 1367-1370, (1993)

  • Wang, Y., “Discussion of Perturbation Analysis of Stress-sensitive Reservoirs”, SPE Formation Evaluation, Sept., 268, (1992)

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “The Effects of Quadratic Pore Pressure Gradient Terms on the Borehole Solutions in Poroelastic Media”, Wat. Reso. Res., 27 (12), 3215-3223, (1991)

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “Borehole Yield and Hydraulic Fracture Initiation in Poorly Consolidated Rock Strata:  1. in Dry Impermeable Media”, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Mining Sciences & Geomech. Abst., 28 (4), 235-246, (1991)

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “Borehole Yield and Hydraulic Fracture Initiation in Poorly Consolidated Rock Strata:  2. in Saturated Permeable Media”, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Mining Sciences & Geomech. Abst., 28 (4), 247-260, (1991)

  • Wang, Y., “Analytical Solutions for Wellbore Stresses and Applications in Wellbore Stability and sand Production Subject to Non-isothermal conditions”, PH.D. Thesis, Waterloo, （1991）

  • Wang, Y., and Dusseault, M.B., “Borehole Instability and Fluid Losses in Unconsolidated Porous Media”, Joint SPE and CIM Meeting, 407-419, Calgary, Alberta, (1990)

  • Dusseault, M.B., Wang, Y., and J.V. Simmons, J.V., “Induced Stress Around a Fire Front”,AOSTRA Journal of Research, (5), 355-370, (1988)

  • Wang, Y., “Finite Element Numerical Simulation of Fireflooding and Thermally-Induced Stress Analyses”, MSc Thesis, Waterloo, （1987）

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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